PATRIARCHY AND WOMEN'S CONDITIONS IN TIYAMBE ZELEZA'S SMOULDERING CHARCOAL

This paper examines Tiyambe Zeleza's Smouldering Charcoal and explores the condition of women who face social marginalization, economic insecurity, and sexual exploitation under patriarchal systems. Despite ongoing struggles, women remain excluded from many aspects of social and political life. Using a sociocritical approach, the paper analyzes the relationship between the novel and its social context. It highlights women's experiences of political oppression, gender-based violence and economic hardship. The analysis also emphasizes women's resilience against oppression. Ultimately, the study advocates for women's genuine empowerment in contemporary African society.